纳米 SiO2 表面“点击”化学法接枝共聚物

目的提高纳米Si O2在有机溶剂及树脂基体中的分散性。方法首先利用普通自由基聚合的方式制备苯乙烯及马来酸酐共聚物(PSMA),再与丙炔醇反应,在分子链上引入多个炔基,然后利用硅烷偶联剂KH560改性纳米Si O2,之后与叠氮化钠反应,在纳米Si O2粒子表面引入多个叠氮基团,最后将带有多个炔基的分子链通过"点击"化学接枝到纳米Si O2表面。结果酸碱反滴定法测得聚合物中马来酸酐的质量分数为26.5%。凝胶渗透色谱测得聚合物数均相对分子质量为36200,相对分子质量分布为1.39。红外表征显示,聚合物上带有多个炔基,纳米Si O2粒子表面带有多个叠氮基,经过24 h"点击"化学反应,聚合物成功接枝到粒子表面,同时叠氮基吸收峰消失。热重(TG)结果表明,接枝率为32.83%。扫描电镜分析表明,接枝聚合物后,粒子的分散性增强。结论分子链上含有多个炔基的共聚物(PSMA)通过"点击"化学反应成功接枝到了纳米Si O2粒子表面,不会引起粒子间的交联,可以明显提高纳米Si O2粒子在有机溶剂中的分散性。     

高聚物黏结剂对RDX基含铝炸药性能影响的数值计算及实验验证

为研究乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)对RDX基含铝炸药性能的影响,在A-IX-II炸药中添加EVA制备了含铝PBX炸药。用分子动力学(MD)方法计算了黏结剂EVA与A-IX-II炸药各组分的结合能以及作用方式、AIX-II炸药及含铝PBX炸药的力学性能。计算结果表明,EVA与A-IX-II炸药各组分的结合能均大于0,相互作用力以范德华力为主;EVA能够显著提升A-IX-II炸药的力学性能,使其弹性模量从20.58GPa升至33.27GPa。对A-IX-II炸药和含铝PBX炸药进行了静态力学性能试验,计算结果与试验结果一致性较好。     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated block copolyimides derived from 4,4'‐sulfide‐bis(naphthalic anhydride) for proton exchange membranes

A series of sulfonated copolyimides (SPIs) with hydrophilic segment length of 20–60 based on 4,4′‐sulfide‐bis(naphthalic anhydride) (SBNA) have been successfully synthesized to improve hydrolytic stability and proton conductivity. The SPI membranes were cast from their m‐cresol solutions, and they were characterized by determining the water uptake, water swelling ratio, mechanical properties, hydrolytic stability, oxidative stability, and proton conductivity. It was found that the water uptake of SPI membranes was low and decreased as the hydrophilic segment length increased, which led to good dimensional stability. In addition, the SPI membranes with low ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) value displayed excellent hydrolytic stability and retained good mechanical properties even after harsh hydrolysis testing, in which the block SPI with hydrophilic segment length of 40 had the best hydrolytic stability, while those with high IEC value showed an apparent decrease. All of the block SPI membranes show better conductivity than the random ones at the temperature range from 30 to 70°C. Interestingly, the proton conductivities of random SPI membranes were higher than that of corresponding block ones at 90°C. The block SPI with hydrophilic segment length of 40 gave the highest proton conductivity as the temperature increased among the block SPIs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41501.     

Synthesis and characterization of new vinyl acetate grafting onto epoxidized linseed oil in aqueous media

Modified poly (vinyl acetate) copolymers with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as co‐monomer have been prepared. The polymerization was performed in aqueous medium without any additional protective colloid in the presence of sodium persulfate as catalyst. The effect of vinyl acetate (VAc)/ELO feed ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst amount has been studied. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the reaction between ELO and VAc resulted in slight decrease and shift in ELO characteristic bands of oxirane groups; and new bands were detected in the copolymer spectra attributed to PVAc and ELO functional groups. Moreover, new signals attributable to the copolymer were observed in the ¹H NMR spectra (δ 4.07 and 1.62 ppm) and in the ¹³C NMR spectra (δ 15.29 and 31.0 ppm). Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a single T_g for the copolymerization product of VAc and ELO and two T_g for the PVAc/ELO blend, indicating the chemical reaction between VAc and ELO. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42089.     

Synthesis of a Series of PEG-Based ABA Triblock Copolymers and Their Influence on Rheology of Cement Slurries

A series of water-soluble ABA triblock copolymers consisting of a polyethylene glycol central block joined to two blocks of six different homopolymers have been synthesized via simple solvent-free and ecofriendly routes and characterized by FTIR and ¹HNMR spectroscopy. Dispersing and slump-retaining abilities of the copolymers in cement slurries were evaluated by mini-slump spread method. Rheological measurements of samples with the best performance were carried out using a rate-controlled coaxial cylinder viscometer. The test results indicate that the dispersing power of the copolymers in cement pastes is strongly affected by the structure and degree of polymerization of the monomers.     

含环氧基有机硅氧烷的研究进展

含环氧基有机硅氧烷是一类兼具环氧与硅氧烷两种结构特性的化合物,因其优异的机械性能、环境稳定性和环氧基团的反应性能得到研究学者的广泛关注。以环氧基在化学结构中的不同位置为线路,系统地介绍了近年来国内外有关不同类型的含环氧基有机硅氧烷的多种制备工艺,并对其物化性能及应用情况进行了详细的介绍。研究开发高性能的含环氧基团有机硅氧烷,对于改性环氧树脂和满足高功率LED对封装材料日益提升的性能要求具有重要意义。     

无固相钻井液提切剂的制备研究

选用丙烯酰胺(AM),2-丙烯酰胺基-2甲基丙磺酸(AMPS),阳离子单体作为原料,采用水溶液聚合方法,在过硫酸铵与亚硫酸氢钠组成的氧化-还原引发体系下进行自由基聚合,合成一种适用于无固相钻井液的增粘提切剂。由单因素法确定了最佳反应条件:单体的质量占反应体系质量的30%,且质量配比为AM∶AMPS∶阳离子单体=8∶3∶1,反应体系p H值为7,引发剂用量占单体质量的0.5%,反应温度45℃,持续反应4 h以上得到目标产物,并对产物进行红外表征和相对分子量的测定。     

低介电常数聚酰亚胺材料制备方法研究进展

介绍了几种制备低介电常数聚酰亚胺(PI)材料的方法及其研究进展,包括引入氟原子降低极化率、引入硅氧烷增大自由体积、引入孔洞降低密度以及多种方法相结合共同降低介电常数等,指出了低介电常数PI制备方法的未来发展方向。     

响应曲面优化法合成聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物

采用响应曲面优化法(Response surface methodology)以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为共聚单体,通过自由基聚合对聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物(PDA)进行制备研究。探讨了3个主要因子单体摩尔比、聚合体系p H、引发剂用量的最佳水平及各自变量间的交互作用对PDA得率的影响,通过该法设计得到了最佳优化条件:单体摩尔比n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)=2.5∶1,聚合体系p H6.00,引发剂用量为单体总质量的1.00%。在模型提供的最优水平下PDA得率89.807%,与预测值91.6944%相吻合,表明所选模型准确、可靠。该方法为聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物的合成及应用提供了依据。     

IA/MA/AMPS三元共聚物阻垢剂的合成研究

以衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合方法合成了一种三元共聚物阻垢剂。经过单因素实验对影响共聚物阻垢性能的因素进行优化后,确立了最佳反应条件。通过静态法对三元共聚物的阻垢性能进行评价,在共聚物加剂量为50 mg/L时,对CaCO3的阻垢率最佳可达91.4%,并用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对共聚物的结构和Ca CO3垢样进行了分析。